Cardio-Metabolic Risk Profile of a Diabetic Population in the Ho Municipality
Sylvester Yao Lokpo *
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
William K. B. A. Owiredu
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Diagnostic Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
Percival Agordoh
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Eric Agboli
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Louisa Naa Akunsah Amoo
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Mark Noagbe
Laboratory Department, Adidome Government Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Adidome, Volta Region, Ghana
George Yiadom Osei
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Romeo Asumbasiya Aduko
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Gifty Nkansah
Diabetic Clinic, Ho Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
Prosper Mensah
Laboratory Department, Volta Regional Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to determine the burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors among type 2 diabetes clients undergoing clinical management at the Ho Municipal Hospital in the Volta Region of Ghana.
Methodology: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among sixty-two (62) individuals presenting with type 2 diabetes at the Diabetic Clinic from November 2017 to February 2018. The participants aged between 20-60 years were purposively recruited. Demographic data was captured using a semi-structured questionnaire. Anthropometric, haemodynamic and other laboratory variables were obtained using standard methods.
Results: The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was 16.1% and 51.6% respectively. About 33.8% of respondents were overweight and 17.7% obese. Raised Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and low High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were 69.4%, 35.5%, 72.6%, 3.2%, and 17.7% respectively. Obesity was higher among the females (24.3%) compared to their male counterparts (8.0%). There was a significant association of waist circumference (central adiposity) with systolic blood pressure and atherogenic lipid parameters among study participants.
Conclusion: The burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors is high among type 2 diabetes individuals at the Ho Municipal Hospital. Overweight, prehypertension and raised LDL-C were the predominant risk factors. The cardio-metabolic dysregulation may be mediated by adiposity and dyslipidaemia. We recommend that individuals with high risk profiles are identified for rigorous management to delay or prevent any fatal outcome.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular risk, dyslipidaemia, obesity