Modulating Gut Microbiota for Precision Medicine in Diabetes: A Paradigm Shift in Personalized Treatment Strategies
Olabisi Promise Lawal
*
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Joshua Favour Adekunle
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
Adebiyi Victor Abiodun
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
Enibokun Theresa Orobator
University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Okabeonye Sunday Agbo
Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria.
Ugoagwu, Kingsley Ugonna
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Elizabeth Anuoluwa Akintayo
Department of Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, USA.
Aliyu Olanrewaju Olaniyi
Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport SK2 7JE, England.
Caleb Otabil
Department of Public Health and Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA.
Madhumati Mandal
Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport SK2 7JE, England.
Kelechi Wisdom Elechi
Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a challenge to the public, with its prevalence increasing significantly, economically, hence causing healthcare burdens. Conventional treatment strategies have mostly failed to consider each person's variability, which has necessitated a personalized strategy to improve patient therapeutic outcomes. Erupting research has described the human gut microbiota as a peculiar determinant of metabolic health, impacting insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory pathways. In this review, we could delve into the interrelation between gut microbiota and diabetes, focusing on microbiome-based strategies such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and targeted microbiome pharmacological agents. Strides in metagenomics, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven microbiome analysis, and multi-omics integration have further improved precision medicine approaches in diabetes management. Although promising findings have been made, there are still challenges the inter-individual variability in microbiome composition, ethical concerns, and the cause for widespread involvement of human subjects in clinical trials. Leveraging microbiome-targeted therapies gives a novel avenue for improving glycemic control and alleviating diabetes progression, making the way for precision medicine in metabolic disorders.
Keywords: Gut microbiota, precision medicine, diabetes management, microbiome-based interventions, metabolic disorders